Basic information about media. Standards - Physical CD format
CD-R Media
CD Recordable - You can record the data or music on this medium only once. After having recorded the data the CD cannot be deleted and no other data can be added. In case of a mistake of the recorder or the computer the medium is damaged and cannot be used any more.
Capacity - Classical media with the capacity for
74 minutes of music or 650MB of data. For higher capacity you can use media for
80 minutes of music and 700MB of data.
Surface - According to the type of manufacturing technology and used material we can distinguish the particular media. At first sight you can recognize various
colors on the underside designed for recording (e. g. green, gold, blue). Type of the material influence reflectance of the light. It can cause different readability of the media in the drives from different producers. It is advisable to
prove which type of CD corresponds with you drive. I have good experience with blue surface and bad
experience with gold surface. But I have also seen a drive where it was contrariwise.
Speed of recording for which the media can be designed. The drive with 12x speed of recording does not always mean 12x speed of recording for each medium. The medium must be compatible for the required speed. E. g. some older media can be recorded only with 4x speed, at present the media are usually designed for 12x speed of recording.
Media with a silver surface are produced by pressing. These media can be under certain conditions protected from common copying.
They can be played in classic players without problems.
CD-RW Media
CD Rewritable - You can record the data or music on this medium several times. After having recorded the data everything can be deleted and recorded again. In case of a mistake of the recorder or the computer the medium can be deleted and recorded again. Alleged number of recording and deleting. is 1000x. To delete the media you must have a drive marked CD/RW, older drives are not able to delete the media.
Capacity - Classical media with the capacity of
74 minutes of music or 650MB of data. Capacity for 80MB you can find for the CD-RW media only as exception.
Classical media are designed for 2x or 4x speed of recording. For higher speed it is possible to obtain high-speed rewritable media (marked CD-RW High Speed) at present.
You cannot play these media in the standard CD drives. The drive must have "Multiread" support (only new drives with support of 24x speed and higher)
Music recorded on these media cannot be played in common audio players. So far I have seen some devices only by Philips marked as "CD Rewritable Compatible"; by Sony, AIWA, Panasonic, Thomson and some others I
haven't found this function.
File formats
- ISO9660 or Joliet?
ISO9660
ensures maximum compatibility, enables reading in different kinds of operating systems and platforms and limits the names of files to
8 letters and to 3 letters for the endings. Extended version supports up to
32 letters.
Joliet
- Illegibility on some platforms. Designed especially for Windows and DOS. Limited by
64 letters for file names.
Standards
Standards
- Rules defining recording on CD.
Red
book - Audio CD (CD-DA)
Yellow
book - Data CD, Mode 1 (standard CD),
Mode2 (bigger sector without ECC correction)
Green
book - CD-I (CD- Interactive)
Orange book
- CD-MO (Magneto-Optical)
Orange book
(PartII) - CD-WO (Write-Once)
Orange book
(PartIII) - CD-RW (ReWritable)
White Book
- Video CD
Blue book
- CD Extra, audio CD with data track
CDROM/XA
- eXtended Architecture, Mode 1 (standard yellow book sectors), Mode 2
(form 1 - 2048 bytes with ECC for data, form 2 -
2324 bytes of data, without ECC, audio, video). - Designed especially for CD combinating sound and data tracks.
ISO 9660
- Standard file layout (read by all platforms of computers)
Rock ridge
- An extension of ISO 9660 to allow for long UNIX
filenames.
CDR-UDF
- Incremental packet writing file system.
CD - Text
- Philips standard for encoding disc and track data on
audio CD.
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